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** E-Mail Desktop Publishing Design Course **
***** LESSON 6A *****
Signposts - Headings and Subheads and Devices
Apart from arrows, bullets, paragraph numbering and other such
devices, the most important element is the way in which heading
systems are used as signposts to help readers find their way about in
your document.
*Main Heading and Titles*
The size and weight of a main heading or chapter title will depend on
the range or hierarchy of subsequent headings it has to support.
For instance in a novel, the chapter title need be very little bigger
than the body text and still perform its function well.
If, though, the text is divided by subheadings, then the chapter title
should be bigger and/or bolder than the strongest subheading.
Capitals or Upper and Lowercase - whether or not you use capitals or
upper/lowercase will be influenced by the length of the majority of
your headings. A very long heading in all caps may take up too much
room or be difficult to read. If possible, cut back the wording in
long titles. But, single word headings can look lost if they are not
strong enough, also.
When using upper/lowercase be consistent and sparing in the use of
initial capitals. Use lowercase only for short linking words such as
"the", "a", "to", "of", etc.
*Subheadings*
Subheadings perform two basic functions. They serve to break up a long
text and make it seem less forbidding, and they make clear the
relationship of one piece of text to another.
Before selecting a subheading decide on how many levels of subheading
you need. Most documents can be managed with a maximum of three. Too
many levels with too subtle a difference between each will be lost on
the reader and cause confusion.
Here is a sample of a good 3 level subhead system.
(**NOTE** since bold type is not available in this medium, please
consider the text in parentheses as bold type.)
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
(MAIN HEADING)
In bold capitals the same size as the text, with a line of space
between the heading and the text. Avoid capitals if the main headings
are consistently long.
(Second Level Heads)
In upper and lower case bold, in the same size as the text. Preceded
by one line space but with no extra space between the heading and the
text. Notice also that in neither case is the first text line indented
after the head.
(Third level heads) in upper and lower case bold, the same size as the
text, preceded by one line space and "run on" with the text.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
In the above example another treatment would be to make your MAIN
HEADING one size or so larger than the text. However do not increase
the type size of the second and third level headings as this gets them
too close to the importance of your main heading.
Italics look different from but weaker than the surrounding text so
should be used for very low level headings only.
Here are a few ideas for a 4 level system:
Text: 10 on 12pt Times
Subheadings
A - 12pt Times Bold
B - 10pt Times Bold
C - 10pt Times Caps
D - 10pt Times Italic (run on)
───────────────────────────────
Text: 10 on 12pt Times
Subheadings
A - 12pt Times Bold Caps
B - 12pt Times Bold
C - 10pt Times Bold
D - 10pt Times Bold (run on)
───────────────────────────────
Text: 10 on 12pt Times
Subheadings
A - 12pt Helvetica Bold
B - 10pt Helvetica
C - 9pt Helvetica Bold
D - 10pt Times Italic (run on)
***** Continued in LESSON 6B *****